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The programme formalizes respect for customary or collective tenure rights and provides funding for sustainable forest management, community-based conservation initiatives, and forest and landscape restoration. Since 2008 under this landmark programme, 12.7 million hectares, about ten percent of Indonesian state forest have been designated for indigenous or local community management. The vast majority of this, some US$93.4 million, will support and expand decentralized sustainable forest governance, including its Social Forestry Programme. This includes a policy that bans clearing of primary natural forests and peatlands, which, since 2011, has protected 66.1 million hectares.īecause between 20 it avoided 20.3 million tons of carbon emissions, the Green Climate Fund (GCF) in August 2020 approved a US$103.8 million payment for REDD+. Indonesia was an early adopter of REDD+, an initiative to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, under the UNFCCC and since 2008, has had country-wide programme to address the causes of deforestation, monitor changes in forest cover, and distribute funding to support the conservation and sustainable management of forests and carbon-rich landscapes.

Yet despite their unique value, they are under threat from industrial agriculture, illegal logging and forest fires. Indonesia’s forests also provide the basis for the livelihoods and well-being of some 40 million rural and indigenous people. They are also a massive carbon sink, absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere as they grow. These forests are home to an estimated 10 – 15 percent of all animal and plant species, placing it in the top three countries in terms of biodiversity. Indonesia occupies less than one percent of the earth’s landmass but has the third largest expanse of tropical forest after the Amazon and the Congo basin.